Describe the role of folic acid in pregnancy.

Folic acid, also known as vitamin B9, plays a crucial role during pregnancy, primarily in its ability to help prevent neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, occur when the neural tube does not close completely during the early stages of fetal development, particularly in the first month of pregnancy when many women may not yet know they are pregnant. Adequate intake of folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy is vital as it contributes to the proper formation of the neural tube.

The recommended dosage of folic acid for women planning to become pregnant or who are in the early stages of pregnancy typically includes taking a prenatal vitamin that contains 400-800 micrograms of folic acid daily. This preventive measure has proven effective in reducing the incidence of these serious birth defects.

While folic acid is part of a healthy diet that can indirectly support energy levels and overall health, its primary and most critical function during pregnancy is related directly to fetal development. Therefore, focusing on its role in preventing neural tube defects is essential for understanding its importance in prenatal care.