What are the main components to assess in a newborn's physical examination?

The assessment of a newborn's physical examination requires a comprehensive evaluation of several key components to ensure the overall health and proper development of the infant. Focusing on the head, chest, abdomen, extremities, and neurological responsiveness provides a holistic view of the newborn's physical condition.

Examining the head includes checking for shape, signs of trauma, fontanelle tension, and any asymmetry, all critical for identifying potential growth issues or neurological concerns. The chest and abdomen should be assessed for symmetry, movement, and organ development, which helps identify any respiratory or gastrointestinal abnormalities.

Evaluating the extremities checks for proper formation, movement, and development of reflexes, which are essential indicators of neurological function. Observing neurological responsiveness—including alertness, muscle tone, and reflex actions—helps determine the infant's neurological status and developmental potential.

While assessments of height and weight, reflexes and vision, and skin color and temperature contribute valuable information to the overall assessment, the comprehensive approach represented by examining the head, chest, abdomen, extremities, and neurological responsiveness covers the broad spectrum of critical evaluation points necessary for a newborn's health status.