What is a common respiratory issue in newborns due to maternal smoking?

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a significant concern for newborns, particularly those exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy. Maternal smoking can lead to lower birth weights and can result in premature birth, both of which are risk factors for RDS. The condition arises mainly from inadequate surfactant production in the lungs, leading to difficulties in breathing due to collapsed alveoli (air sacs) after birth. This lack of surfactant is more prevalent in preterm infants, which can be a consequence of maternal smoking as it increases the likelihood of preterm delivery.

Additionally, smoking during pregnancy can impair lung development in the fetus, further increasing the risk of respiratory issues. This makes Respiratory Distress Syndrome the most relevant choice among the options provided, as it is directly associated with the effects of maternal smoking, particularly in terms of preterm birth and lung maturity. Understanding this condition and its ties to maternal habits can help healthcare providers anticipate and manage potential respiratory complications in newborns effectively.