What symptoms indicate that a newborn might be experiencing withdrawal?

Newborn withdrawal symptoms can manifest as a result of maternal drug use during pregnancy, particularly when substances that can lead to dependence are involved. The symptoms of irritability, feeding difficulties, increased muscle tone, and seizures are characteristic indicators of withdrawal in newborns.

Irritability in a newborn may present as excessive crying or fussiness, which can be signs that the infant is uncomfortable or experiencing stress due to withdrawal. Feeding difficulties can arise as infants might have trouble coordinating sucking and swallowing, leading to inadequate feeding. Increased muscle tone, also referred to as hypertonicity, can reflect a heightened state of central nervous system activity, which is common in withdrawal cases. Seizures are a more severe symptom and indicate that the infant’s neurological system is significantly affected.

The other options do not align with the typical signs of neonatal withdrawal. Excessive sleeping and weight gain would generally suggest a well-adjusted newborn rather than one who is struggling with withdrawal. High fevers and persistent vomiting may indicate other medical issues but are not specific withdrawal signs. Similarly, coughing and difficulty breathing could point to respiratory problems rather than withdrawal symptoms. Understanding these specific signs helps healthcare professionals to identify and manage withdrawal in newborns effectively.